Saudi Arabia, in long form the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is an Islamic absolute monarchy ruled by the Saud dynasty, since its creation in 1932 by Abdelaziz ibn Saud. Populated by 35.95 million inhabitants (Saudis), occupying 80% of the Arabian Peninsula, it is the largest country in the Middle East and its surface area of ​​more than two million square kilometers also makes it the second among the countries of the Arab world (after Algeria). The capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia is Riyadh, located in the province of the same name. The country's official language is Arabic and its state religion is Sunni Islam.

The Saudi Riyal (Arabic: ريال سعودي riyāl saʿūdī) is the monetary unit of Saudi Arabia. Its ISO code is SAR. It is divided into 100 halalas.