1 Real of Brazil 2015 UNC - Central Bank of Brazil

The Central Bank of Brazil (Banco Central do Brasil), established on December 31, 1964, by Law No. 4,595, serves as the country’s monetary authority. It was created to unify functions previously divided among the National Treasury, the Bank of Brazil, and the Superintendency of Currency and Credit (SUMOC). Its main responsibilities include maintaining currency stability (the Brazilian real), regulating and supervising the financial system, managing international reserves, issuing currency, and implementing monetary policy through tools like the Selic rate. With the adoption of an inflation-targeting regime in 1999 and formal autonomy in 2021, the Bank strengthened its transparency and independence. It plays a crucial role in Brazil's economic stability and financial innovation, exemplified by initiatives like the Pix instant payment system launched in 2020.