Cuba is a large Caribbean island discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492 and colonized by the Spanish. Gaining partial independence in 1902, it became a socialist state following the 1959 Revolution led by Fidel Castro. The official currency is the Cuban peso (CUP), and the state-controlled economy relies on tourism, tobacco, and sugar, despite significant economic challenges. Cuba is known for its rich culture, blending African, Spanish, and indigenous influences, with a strong tradition in music and dance. The country is governed by the Communist Party, with Miguel Díaz-Canel serving as president since 2018.