Vindobona originally began as a Celtic settlement and later evolved into a Roman camp around 15 BC, located at the site of present-day Vienna, Austria. Following the annexation of the Noric Kingdom by the Roman Empire, the Danube River became the empire's natural border, prompting the fortification of its banks. References to Vindobona can be found in geographic works like Ptolemy's Geographike Hyphegesis around 150 AD.
During Roman times, Vindobona was part of the province of Pannonia, with Carnuntum as its capital. It served as a military camp with an adjoining civilian area known as the canabae. Across the Danube, a Germanic city began to develop in the 2nd century.
The layout of Vindobona, asymmetrical for a Roman camp, is still partially visible in today's streets like Graben, Naglergasse, Tiefer Graben, Salzgries, Rabensteig, and Rotenturmstrasse. This unique plan likely stemmed from the remnants of the Roman walls, which influenced the layout of medieval streets. At the end of the 13th century, the Berghof was constructed at the edge of the Roman camp.
